A Case study of a Rare Case of Turner’s Hypoplasia and Unilaterally Fused Deciduous and Permanent Lateral Incisor Caused By Trauma –Verma, Leena

Introduction Hypoplasia is defined as a quantitative defect of enamel visually and is histomorphologically identified as an external defect involving the surface of the enamel and associated with reduced thickness of enamel (Ozturk et al, 2004).Turner's hypoplasia usually manifests as a portion of missing or diminished enamel, generally affecting one or more permanent teeth in the oral cavity. If it involves anterior teeth, most likely cause is traumatic injuries leading to primary incisors being knocked out or driven into the alveolus affecting the permanent tooth bud. The affect of trauma are more pronounced if it occurs prior to third year of life. The topographic relationship of the primary teeth to the permanent tooth germ explains the potential for possible developmental disturbances (Andreasen & Andreasen, 1994). The developmental defects of the permanent successor tooth range from mild alteration in enamel mineralization in form of simple white or yellow brown discoloration to crown dilaceration, crown duplication, root dilaceration, root duplication, odontome like malformation, disturbed eruption, partial or complete arrest of root formation to severe sequestration of the developing tooth germ (Andreasen & Andreasen, 1994, Shafer, 2007). Hypoplasia was categorized into the following types by Silberman et al (2010) Type I hypoplasia: Enamel discoloration, Type II hypoplasia (Abnormal coalescence), Type III hypoplasia (Some parts of enamel missing due to hypoplasia) & Type IV hypoplasia: A combination of previous three types of hypoplasia. According Abstract